Brussels and London are taking their first steps toward rebuilding their partnership after years of tension. The shift was signaled by British Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s participation in an informal EU defense summit in Brussels this week — his first appearance at such an event since the UK left the European Union.
Following the meeting, the two sides agreed to hold a bilateral summit on May 19, this time hosted by the UK. The exact format of the gathering is yet to be determined, but European Council President António Costa has already stated his intention to forge “the closest relationship possible.”
New Realities, New Alliances
The renewed dialogue comes against the backdrop of growing security concerns in Europe, driven by the threat from Russia and shifting transatlantic relations after Donald Trump’s return to the U.S. presidency. According to defense expert Helen Maguire from the UK’s Liberal Democrats, rebuilding ties with European neighbors is now more critical than ever.
Most EU countries remain Britain’s allies through NATO. However, analysts point out that the EU has been lacking military capability since Brexit — a gap the UK could help fill.
Focus on Defense and Security
In Brussels, Starmer outlined three key areas for cooperation: advancing military technology, improving military mobility across Europe, and protecting critical infrastructure from external threats. He also proposed deeper collaboration on joint missions, such as the ongoing training of Ukrainian forces, and closer cooperation in the defense industry.
“Fragmentation will only weaken us all, while working together will strengthen our collective security,” Starmer declared, earning applause from summit participants.
Beyond Defense: A Broader Partnership
Both sides have hinted that their ambitions go beyond defense. António Costa indicated that Brussels and London are interested in expanding collaboration into other areas, though no specifics have yet been announced.
Experts believe that defense talks could serve as a foundation for broader negotiations, potentially leading to renewed cooperation in trade, research, and innovation.
UK Minister for Europe Nick Thomas-Symonds emphasized in a column for The Telegraph that while Brexit remains a reality, resetting relations with the EU will help make the UK “safer, more secure, and more prosperous.” He acknowledged that some negative consequences of Brexit, such as declining trade volumes and challenges in migration policy, have become increasingly evident.
Hopes and Uncertainties Ahead
Despite the positive tone, significant challenges remain. Fabian Zuleeg, Director of the European Policy Centre, pointed out that it is still unclear how deeply the UK is willing to re-engage with EU mechanisms — particularly concerning defense procurement and support for Ukraine.
Trust between the two sides remains fragile. “Without mutual confidence in each other’s commitment, any agreement will be vulnerable,” Zuleeg warned.
Nevertheless, a Politico survey of European officials suggests that there is cautious optimism for improved relations, even though no major breakthroughs are expected in the short term. The reset, it seems, is just beginning.